Mike Scully's article in the winter issue of Update gave an excellent picture of how house sparrows affect martins. He observed that removing hosp nests once they have nestlings leads to sparrow rage, a good reminder that removal pre eggs is best, while removal after hosp have nestlings is very destructive to martins.
Ah the spring of 2008 and the neglected houses, we pulled all sparrow nests once each week:
20 sparrow nests pulled from six neglected houses on April 11th....
...more than 200 pulled sparrow nests later...
...18 sparrow nests pulled on June 6th from those exact same houses....
Cornell says that house sparrows will replace nests up to eight times in a row, I believe we had a couple of sparrow pairs that beat that.
But its important to note here, most of these pulled nests had not even been in place long enough to contain any eggs, let alone young.
We were triggering catastrophic (to the martins) sparrow rage by pulling nests
even before any sparrow eggs and young were present.
In the following two years when we left the sparrows alone after an initial clean out, martin survival in those houses rose dramatically.
It appears that here in the South at least, about nine out of ten martin pairs out there are breeding alongside sparrows in neglected housing and have been maintaining their present numbers under those conditions.
Unfortunately, me stating this easily-observable fact is generally construed around here to be a diatribe against controlling sparrows, which it is not.
What our data DOES suggest is that merely pulling sparrow nests without trapping out the sparrows responsible can make your housing completely untenable to martins.
Mike Scully